关键词: 专家记忆优势效应, 模板理论, 长时工作记忆理论, 限制调节理论, 中国象棋

Abstract: This present paper, after reviewing the theoretical development and controversy on the expertise effects in memory recall, examined the three principle theories, template theory, long term working memory framework, constraint attunement hypothesis, with 2×2×2×2 mixed design. The result showed (a)that in inclusion test, the subjects recall more accurately in memory condition than in move selection condition; (b)that the Position×Expertise interaction is not statistically significant; (c)that the Position×Awareness interaction is statistically significant, that is, the explicit process has greater effect on actual game position than that on artificial game position, and the implicit process has no significant different effects on this two kinds of position. The author concluded that the long term working memory framework, compared with the other two, can explain the experimental phenomena more reasonably.

Key words: expertise effects in memory recall, template theory, long term working memory framework, constraint attunement hypothesis, Chinese chess