ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2000, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 276-281.

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成年人个性特征与某些认知作业的关系

许淑莲;吴志平;吴振云;孙长华   

  1. 中国科学院心理研究所!北京100101,中国科学院心理研究所!北京100101,中国科学院心理研究所!北京100101,中国科学院心理研究所!北京100101
  • 出版日期:2000-09-25 发布日期:2000-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 许淑莲

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND SOME COGNITIVE PERFORMANCES IN ADULTS

Xu Shulian; Wu Zhiping ;Wu Zhenyun; Sun Changhua(Institule of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101)   

  • Published:2000-09-25 Online:2000-09-25

摘要: 采用NEO-FFI个性问卷研究了个性特征与记忆、问题解决及视觉搜索反应时的关系。作业难度均属中下。被试为20-85岁四组成年人120名。结果:(1)相关和多元逐步回归分析结果完全一致:外向性(E)对人姓回忆及图形再认有负性预测关系,开放性(O)对人姓回忆及猜图用策略百分比有正性预测关系。(2)控制年龄因素的偏相关结果表明,神经质分(N)和清图用策略百分比,E分和图形再认、人姓回忆,认真负责分(C)和数字、字母、汉字搜索反应时均呈负相关。(3)认知指标加入个人情况诸因素作为自变量与个性特征求多元逐步回归方程显示,解决问题方案数量与E分呈负性预测关系,心理状态等因素与个性预测影响更大。(4)认知作业与个性特征关系各年龄组结果不同,两者关系青年组和老老年组较大,这可能与不同年龄成年人神经系统功能状态差异有关。

关键词: 成年人, NEO-FFI, 记忆, 问题解决, 视觉搜索反应时

Abstract: 120 adult subjectS 20-85yrs of age (forming 4 groups) were used for studying the relationship between NEO-FFI and cognitive performances (memory, problem solving and reaction time of visual search), the difficulty degree of the performances were low or moderate. The results showed: (1) E score was negatively related to (or negative predictors of ) name recall and picture recognition, O score was positively relatod to (or positive predictors of ) name recall and the percentage of using strategy for guessing the pictures. (2) By controlling the age factor, partial correlation of NEO-FFI with cognitive performances indicated: N score and using strategy for guessing the pictures, E score and picture recognition, name recall, C score and digit, alphabet or Han character search reaction time, all correlated negatively. (3) With the cognitive indices and the personal variables as independent variables,the stepwise regression showed, number of putting scheme on problem solving had forecast relation to E score negatively, however, the variables relating psychological status, such as mood, status of matriage,satisfaction of family and so on were more intermlated with personality traits. (4) The results within the four age groups were different. The relationships between cognitive performances and NEO-FFI in the young adult group and old-old adult group were closer than that of the other two age groups. It might be related to the difference in aging processes of neural system function in different age groups.

Key words: adults, NEO-FFI, memory, problem solving, visual search RT