ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 1989, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (1): 49-56.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

策略训练对改善老年人词语记忆的作用

孙长华;许淑莲;李荣平   

  1. 中国科学院心理研究所,中国科学院心理研究所,北京神经外科研究所 北京 ,北京
  • 出版日期:1989-03-25 发布日期:1989-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 孙长华

EFEECTS OF STRATEGY TRAINING IN WORD RECALL OF THE AGED

Sun Chang-hua;Xu Shu-lian;Li Rong-ping Institute of Psychology, Academia Sinica Beijing Institute of Neurosurgery   

  • Published:1989-03-25 Online:1989-03-25

摘要: 本研究采用词的自由回忆、字的自由回忆和联想学习三项作业,分别以归类复述法,联系法和制造联系法进行训练,受试者为老年人60例(平均66.5岁),青年人40例(平均26.8岁),按初测成绩和年龄,文化因素各均分为训练组和对照组。结果:(1)老年组记忆成绩显著较青年组差;(2)老年训练组和青年训练组训练后记忆成绩明显提高;(3)老年训练组训练后记忆成绩相当于未训练的青年组,和训练后的青年组的差距也有所缩小;(4)初测时老年比青年运用记忆策略的显著少些。训练后老年组和青年组运用策略者都显著增多,但前者善用方法的仍少些。运用方法和记忆成绩有显著关系。(5)较少主动运用方法是老年人对信息编码障碍的重要表现,这个缺点可以通过训练得到改善。但编码障碍可能只是老年人记忆障碍的一个原因。

关键词: NULL

Abstract: Using free recall of words and free recall of charaeters, and associa- tion learning as three experimental tasks, categorizing rehearsal method, association method and association making method were applied to these tasks respectively to conduct memory training research. Subjects were 60 elderly (mean age: 66.5 years old) and 40 younger adults (mean age: 26.8 years old). Both were divided into a training group and a control group, according to the performances of pretest, age and educational le- vel of Ss. The results were as follows: 1. The memory performances of the elderly group were significantly poorer than those of the younger group. 2. After training, the memory performances of both training groups improved obviously. 3. The elderly training group performed as well in the post-test as the younger group did in the pre-test, and the differences decreased as compared with the younger group. 4. The subjects used memory strategies increased significantly both in the elderly and in the young, however, the good user were still less in the former group. The subjects' performances were highly correlated with whether they used suitable memory strategies or not. 5. Not looking for strategy actively is an important phenomenon of the encoding defect of information in the elderly, this defect can be im- proved through training. Encoding defect might only be one of the reas- ons in memory inefficiency of the elderly.

Key words: NULL