ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 1960, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (3): 40-49.

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学生掌握科学概念过程的心理分析

張厚粲   

  1. 北京师范大学
  • 出版日期:1960-09-25 发布日期:1960-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 張厚粲

A PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF MASTERING SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS IN SCHOOL CHILDREN

CHANG HOU-TSAN (Peking Pedagogical University)   

  • Published:1960-09-25 Online:1960-09-25

摘要: <正> 概念反映事物的一般特性和本貭特性,并且用詞来标志,是人們进行思惟活动的基本成分,同时也是思惟活动的結果。 任何概念总是在人类社会历史发展过程中,通过社会經驗的积累而逐步概括形成起来的。随着社会的向前发展,科学文化的日益发达,人类对現实世界的认識更加深刻,概念的內涵也会相应地得到丰富或改变。

关键词: NULL

Abstract: Concept is the basis component and also the result of the thinking process. According to the way how they are mastered concepts can be divided into two kinds : the pre-scientific concept and the scientific concept.One of the most important tasks in teaching is to make the pupils master the scientific concept quickly and correctly. In this article, the author sums up the teaching experiences gained from several courses in primary and middle schools, analyzes them from the psychological point of view, and finally puts forward the following points to be considered by the teacher: 1) providing abundant sensory material by using images of the past and perceptions made at class ; 2) selecting adequate and using correct sensory material. The elected material should be of different types and Should be used in a great variety of ways ; 3) enlightening the active thinking of the pupils, paying attention to the interconnection of previously and newly acquired knowledge, using the method of contrast and eventually fixing the meaning to a certain definition ; and 4) using the concept in practice, in which it can be consolidated and developed.

Key words: NULL