ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (9): 1195-1205.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2017.01195

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 不同性别比和资源获取能力 对未婚男性择偶标准的影响

 王 燕1;  侯博文1;  李歆瑶2;李晓煦1;  焦 璐1   

  1.  (1复旦大学心理学系, 上海 200433) (2中山大学心理学系, 广州 510275)
  • 收稿日期:2016-12-28 发布日期:2017-07-14 出版日期:2017-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 王燕, E-mail: yanwang@fudan.edu.cn E-mail:E-mail: yanwang@fudan.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
     复旦大学社政学院文科科研基金资助。

 he influence of different sex ratios and resource-gaining capability on male’s mating selection

 WANG Yan1; HOU Bowen1; LI Xinyao2; LI Xiaoxu1; JIAO Lu1   

  1.  (1 Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China) (2 Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China)
  • Received:2016-12-28 Online:2017-07-14 Published:2017-09-25
  • Contact: WANG Yan, E-mail: yanwang@fudan.edu.cn E-mail:E-mail: yanwang@fudan.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
     

摘要:  本研究分别采用文字启动和图片启动两种方式, 探讨不同性别比下男性择偶标准的动态变化。实验1和实验2的结果均显示:相比于男多女少启动, 在女多男少启动下, 男性对女性“好资源”的要求会明显升高。不同性别比启动和男性资源获取能力(而不是童年经济状况)在男性择偶标准上存在着交互效应。相比于男多女少启动, 资源获取能力强的男性在女多男少启动下对女性好资源的要求会明显提高, 而资源获取能力弱的男性在两种启动下对女性好资源的要求没有显著变化。结论:对资源获取能力强的男性而言, 对女性“好资源”的偏好是择偶选择过多时所产生的奢侈需求。

关键词:  择偶标准, 性别比, 资源获取能力, 生命史理论, 环境线索

Abstract:  With two experiments the present study tried to explore the influential factors of male’s mating standards under the priming of different sex ratios. To understand the changing pattern of mating strategies, the life history theory was integrated, which focuses on interpreting organisms’ trade-off in the allocation of limited resources. Research has shown that individual’s life history strategies could be different under different environmental priming. Literature indicated that individual’s mating standard could also be influenced either by clues related to mating preferences such as resources and good looking, or by clues not related to mating preferences like death rate, economic condition of the society. This study generally put the emphasis on influences of the priming of different sex ratios, ability to gain resources and childhood economic conditions on male’s mating preference. It was hypothesized that when primed by different sex ratios, male participants with different childhood economic conditions or ability to gain resources would show different changing pattern of mating standards. In experiment 1 participants were 230 unmarried males, with an average age of 20.02 years old (SD = 1.94). Participants were primed by reading a news article about the condition of high sex ratio (more men than women), or about the condition of low sex ratio (less men than women), or about a new kind of robot (control group). Then, the mating preferences were measured by self-report scales. Furthermore, participants were asked to rate the level of childhood economic condition and the self-appraisal of potential resource-gaining capability. The results revealed that males showed significantly lower mating standards on “good resources” when primed by high sex ratio clues (more men than women), compared with low sex ratio clues (less men than women). The interaction effect on mating standard of good resources between sex ratio and the capability of resource-gaining was significant. With higher level of resource-gaining capability, male participants showed lower mating standard for good resources when primed by high sex ratio than low sex ratio. On the other hand, with lower level of resource-gaining capability, male participants showed a quite similar mating preference for good resources under different priming. No main or interaction effects were found on the influence of sex ratio clues on the mating standards for good appearance and good parent. Finally individual’s childhood economic condition showed no significant effect on male’s mating preferences under different priming. In experiment 2 participants were 82 male undergraduates with a mean age of 19.37 years old (SD = 3.325). All the subjects were divided into two groups randomly. After filling with the demographic data individuals in both of the two groups would read information of 8 pictures with different priming, one was 6 male pictures and 2 female pictures, and the other was 6 female pictures and 2 male pictures. After then they filled a form of 12 mating selection items. The results in experiment 2 were the same as that in experiment 1. Both of the experiments indicated that the sex ratio as an important environmental clue might influence male’s mating standard for good resources, but not the good appearance or good spouse (parents). The capability of resource-gaining, but not the harshness of childhood, played a moderating role between sex ratio and mating standards of good resource.

Key words:  mating standards, sex ratio, resource gaining capacity, life history strategy, environmental clue

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