ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 1421-1433.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2012.01421

• 论文 •    下一篇

聋大学生的词汇习得年龄效应

张积家;陈穗清;张广岩;戴东红   

  1. (1华南师范大学心理应用研究中心, 广州 510631) (2武警广州指挥学院, 广州 510440) (3广州大学市政技术学院, 广州 510800)
  • 收稿日期:2011-06-16 发布日期:2012-11-28 出版日期:2012-11-28
  • 通讯作者: 张积家
  • 基金资助:

    教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(08JJDXLX269)资助。

Age of Acquisition Effects in Deaf College Students

ZHANG Ji-Jia;CHEN Sui-Qing;ZHANG Guang-Yan;DAI Dong-Hong   

  1. (1Center for Psychological Application, Department of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China) (2Guangzhou Armed Police Command Collage, Guangzhou 510440, China) (3 GuangZhou University College of Municipal Works and Construction, Guangzhou 510800, China)
  • Received:2011-06-16 Online:2012-11-28 Published:2012-11-28
  • Contact: ZHANG Ji-Jia

摘要: 通过3个实验, 考察了聋大学生的词汇习得年龄效应。实验1采用汉字命名任务和图片命名任务, 被试使用手语命名, 发现在图片命名中存在着词汇习得年龄效应, 在汉字命名中未出现此效应。实验2和实验3分别采用汉字词语义分类任务和图片语义分类任务, 要求被试做生命物和非生命物的判断, 发现在两个语义分类任务中均出现了词汇习得年龄效应。整个研究表明, 在控制了语音因素之后, 语义因素在聋生的词汇习得年龄效应产生中具有重要的作用, 从而支持了语义假设。

关键词: 词汇习得年龄效应, 中国手语, 语义假设

Abstract: Age of Acquisition (AoA) refers to the age at which a word is first learnt, which is an important variable that has recently drawn considerable attention as a determinant of lexical processing. A large number of studies have found that words acquired earlier in life are processed more efficiently than words acquired late in life. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of the AoA effects. One of these hypotheses is the Semantic Hypothesis, which assumes that at least parts of the AoA effect originate from the semantic system. According to this hypothesis, the order of acquisition has a lasting effect on the time needed to activate the meanings of words. It was supported in some semantic tasks (Van Loon-Vervoorn, 1985, 1989). Another hypothesis is the Phonological Completeness Hypothesis, which assumes that AoA effects arise at the level of phonological representation. The phonology of early-acquired words is stored wholly and completely, but as a child’s vocabulary increases, the phonology is assumed to be represented in a more fragmented form. Although it could explain some AoA effects in word naming (Brown & Watson, 1987), it failed to do so in a phonological segment experiment (Monaghan & Ellis, 2002). In present study, three experiments were conducted to examine the locus of the age of acquisition effects in the processing of Chinese words and Sign words of deaf college students, with the focus on testing the Semantic Hypothesis of AoA effects. In Experiment 1, the deaf students were required to use sign language to name characters and pictures. The stimuli were 44 single characters and 44 pictures obtained from the Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980). The 44 characters were 22 early-acquired and 22 late-acquired characters respectively. The aim was to compare the AoA effects between deaf students’ performance in picture and character naming tasks. To reduce the influence of the phonological output on the deaf in the picture naming task of Experiment 1, semantic classification task was used in Experiment 2 and Experiment 3, in which deaf students had to judge whether one of 11 early-acquired and 11 late-acquired characters or pictures belongs to living things or non-living things. Reaction times for correct responses and error rates were analyzed by subject. In Experiment 1, there was an interaction between AoA and task, with substantial AoA effect in picture naming task, but no AoA effects in character naming task. In Experiment 2, the semantic classification task of character showed significant AoA effects. In Experiment 3, the significant AoA effects were also found in the task of picture classification of non-living things. However, error rates showed opposite trends in Experiment 2 and Experiment 3. It shows that deaf students had weaker awareness of semantic category. The results of the three experiments suggested that the AoA effects could be partially produced within semantic processing system effect because it can eliminates phonological factors in deaf to some extent.

Key words: Age of Acquisition, Chinese Sign Language, semantic hypothesis