The effect of ZEN on creative thinking

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2018.01807

Abstract

Abstract:

It is known that as a training tool, ZEN has an extensive influence on human’s mental processes. In terms of divergent thinking and convergent thinking, the two important, similar but different ways of ZEN show significant differences. Meditation improves divergent thinking mainly based on cognitive flexibility and other factors such as attention strategies, the unconscious activation, the problem-solving motivation and emotion regulation; in terms of convergent thinking, by means of regulating executive function and possible cognitive restructuring, mindfulness can promote the transformation of set or functional fixedness. In terms of the mechanism, enhancing effect of ZEN on creative thinking not only benefits from the unconscious associative processing when the mind wanders, but also is adjusted by emotion effect induced by ZEN. This article sorts out the above-mentioned questions systematically, then points out the deficiencies of previous studies and prospects several future research directions.

Key words: Zen Training, creative thinking, divergent thinking, convergent thinking

SHU Chenye, SHEN Wangbing, ZHAO Yuan. The effect of ZEN on creative thinking[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2018, 26(10): 1807-1817.

Figures/Tables 2

References 68

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类型	发散思维		聚合思维
类型	效果	机制	效果	机制
冥想	促进	注意瞬脱↓(Hodgins & Adair, 2010)	促进	内省机制↑(Cayoun, 2011)
		注意分配↑(Colzato et al., 2012)		深度加工↑(Cayoun, 2011)
		自上而下加工↓(Colzato et al., 2012)		认知重构↑(Ren et al., 2011)
		发散思维独特性↑(Horan, 2009)		元认知↑(Ren et al., 2011)
		表征转换↑(Kudesia, 2015)		注意、警觉↑(Ren et al., 2011)
		认知灵活性↑(Kudesia, 2015)		无意识的关联处理↑(Baird et al., 2012)
		积极情绪↑(Ding et al., 2014)		积极情绪↑(Colzato et al., 2012)
		注意切换↑(Ding et al., 2014)	损害	认知策略↓(Colzato et al., 2012)
		弥散注意↑(Baird et al., 2012)
		酝酿效应↑(Baird et al., 2012)
正念	促进	惯性思维↓(Wenk-Sormaz, 2005)	促进	知觉↑(Zeidan et al., 2010)
		功能固着↓(Wenk-Sormaz, 2005)		元认知↑(Zeidan et al., 2010)
		流体智力↑(Nusbaum & Silvia, 2011)		线索搜索↑(Ostafin & Kassman, 2012)
		类别转换↑(Nusbaum & Silvia, 2011)		认知重构↑(Ostafin & Kassman, 2012)
		兴趣↑(Baas et al., 2014)		注意监控↑(Lippelt, Hommel, & Colzato, 2014)
		坚持性↑(Baas et al., 2014)		工作记忆↑(Brefczynski-Lewis et al., 2007)
		注意控制↑(Moore & Malinowski, 2009)		思维僵局↓(Kudesia, 2015)
		积极情绪↑(Ding et al., 2014)		“啊哈”时刻↑(Kudesia, 2015)
		认知敏感↑(Ding et al., 2014)	不确定	积极情绪↑(Colzato et al., 2014)
		思维工作效率↑(Subramaniam et al., 2009)

类型	发散思维		聚合思维
类型	效果	机制	效果	机制
冥想	促进	注意瞬脱↓(Hodgins & Adair, 2010)	促进	内省机制↑(Cayoun, 2011)
		注意分配↑(Colzato et al., 2012)		深度加工↑(Cayoun, 2011)
		自上而下加工↓(Colzato et al., 2012)		认知重构↑(Ren et al., 2011)
		发散思维独特性↑(Horan, 2009)		元认知↑(Ren et al., 2011)
		表征转换↑(Kudesia, 2015)		注意、警觉↑(Ren et al., 2011)
		认知灵活性↑(Kudesia, 2015)		无意识的关联处理↑(Baird et al., 2012)
		积极情绪↑(Ding et al., 2014)		积极情绪↑(Colzato et al., 2012)
		注意切换↑(Ding et al., 2014)	损害	认知策略↓(Colzato et al., 2012)
		弥散注意↑(Baird et al., 2012)
		酝酿效应↑(Baird et al., 2012)
正念	促进	惯性思维↓(Wenk-Sormaz, 2005)	促进	知觉↑(Zeidan et al., 2010)
		功能固着↓(Wenk-Sormaz, 2005)		元认知↑(Zeidan et al., 2010)
		流体智力↑(Nusbaum & Silvia, 2011)		线索搜索↑(Ostafin & Kassman, 2012)
		类别转换↑(Nusbaum & Silvia, 2011)		认知重构↑(Ostafin & Kassman, 2012)
		兴趣↑(Baas et al., 2014)		注意监控↑(Lippelt, Hommel, & Colzato, 2014)
		坚持性↑(Baas et al., 2014)		工作记忆↑(Brefczynski-Lewis et al., 2007)
		注意控制↑(Moore & Malinowski, 2009)		思维僵局↓(Kudesia, 2015)
		积极情绪↑(Ding et al., 2014)		“啊哈”时刻↑(Kudesia, 2015)
		认知敏感↑(Ding et al., 2014)	不确定	积极情绪↑(Colzato et al., 2014)
		思维工作效率↑(Subramaniam et al., 2009)

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