儿童区分幻想和现实的发展特点及作用机制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.01232

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

幻想(Fantasy)是指向未来, 与个人愿望相联系的想象, 且不一定以客观规律为依据。现实(Reality)是存在于日常生活中, 或者与我们生活法则相一致的事物或现象。准确地区分幻想和现实有利于在保护儿童想象力的同时, 确保他们的人身安全。国内外研究发现, 儿童区分幻想和现实的能力随着年龄的增长而提高; 受外部(实验材料的情感色彩、人物和主题类型)和内部(个体情绪感知强度、经验)因素的影响; 语言、元认知、心理理论和认知神经等可能是儿童区分幻想和现实的作用机制。未来研究需探索各种作用机制在儿童年龄与区分幻想和现实能力之间可能的调节效应, 以及儿童混淆幻想和现实的认知神经。在此基础上, 进一步明确既保护儿童想象力又确保其人身安全的有效措施。

关键词: 幻想, 现实, 儿童

Abstract:

Fantasy is a term that refers to imaginary perceptions directed toward the future and associated with conscious or unconscious personal desires. It is not necessarily based on objective laws. Reality refers to something of substance or a phenomenon that exists in daily life or that is consistent with the rules of life. Making an accurate distinction between fantasy and reality is conducive to protecting children’s imagination and ensuring their personal safety. Many studies have reported that children’s ability to distinguish fantasy from reality increases with age, and is influenced by external factors (emotions, character and themes of experimental materials) and internal factors (individual emotional perception intensity and experience). Language, metacognition, theory of mind and the nervous system may be components of the mechanism by which children distinguish fantasy from reality. Future studies need to explore the possible moderating effects of various mechanisms on children’s ability to distinguish fantasy from reality at given ages, as well as the neural mechanism associated with children’s confusion between fantasy and reality. The purpose of this study is to further clarify effective measures by which to protect children’s imagination and ensure their personal safety.

Key words: fantasy, reality, children

中图分类号:

B844

陈晓岩, 王异芳, 赵佳音, 孟琦. (2019). 儿童区分幻想和现实的发展特点及作用机制. 心理科学进展 , 27(7), 1232-1237.

CHEN Xiaoyan, WANG Yifang, ZHAO Jiayin, MENG Qi. (2019). The developmental characteristics and mechanism of children’s distinction between fantasy and reality. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(7), 1232-1237.

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