无处不在的伤害:二元论视角下的道德判断

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.00128

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

道德二元论认为人际伤害是道德认知的典型模板.道德判断由规范违反,消极情感,感知到的伤害结合产生, 并经由二元比较与二元完型, 完成从下至上,从上至下的认知加工.道德失声现象的产生源于混淆了主客观伤害; 电车难题剥离了道德二元模型, 有趣但可能不符合普遍的道德认知; 不同领域的道德判断皆可在二元论的框架下得到解释.未来的研究可以考虑:意图与痛苦影响道德判断的实证; 跨文化研究的开展; 统一认知系统与模块化认知系统的辩证; 伤害的人际与非人际划分以及其他相关因素的检验.

关键词: 道德判断, 道德二元论, 认知模板, 道德失声, 电车难题

Abstract:

The Theory of Dyadic Morality (TDM) suggests that interpersonal harm is a typical cognitive template regarding morality. The moral judgment is a combination of normative violation, negative emotion, and perceived harm. Through dyadic comparison and dyadic completion, moral judgment completes the bottom-up and top-down cognitive processing. Sometimes the moral dumbfounding phenomenon occurs if someone mistakes the perceived harm to the objective harm. The Trolley Problem is interesting but may not be in line with the prevailing moral perception as it strips away the typical cognitive template. We believe that moral judgments in different fields can be explained in the framework of TDM. Future moral judgments research adopting the TDM framework needs to consider the below aspects: seek more evidence supporting that intention and suffering affect moral judgements, conduct cross-cultural studies to generalize the dyadic moral cognitive template, inspect the unified cognitive system and the modular cognitive system dialectically, differentiate interpersonal and non-interpersonal harm, and test other related factors.

Key words: moral judgment, The Theory of Dyadic Morality, cognitive template, moral dumbfounding, The Trolley Problem

中图分类号:

B849: C91

詹泽, 吴宝沛. (2019). 无处不在的伤害:二元论视角下的道德判断. 心理科学进展 , 27(1), 128-140.

ZHAN Ze, WU Baopei. (2019). Ubiquitous harm: Moral judgment in the perspective of the theory of dyadic morality. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(1), 128-140.

图/表 2

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