ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办：中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (5): 846-858.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2018.00846

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

 老年人的脑可塑性：来自认知训练的证据

霍丽娟;郑志伟;李 瑾; 李 娟   

  1.  (中国科学院心理健康重点实验室(中国科学院心理研究所)老年心理研究中心, 北京 100101) (中国科学院大学心理学系, 北京 100049)
  • 收稿日期:2017-07-26 出版日期:2018-05-15 发布日期:2018-03-31
  • 通讯作者: 李娟, E-mail: lijuan@psych.ac.cn E-mail:E-mail: lijuan@psych.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
     国家自然科学基金项目(31671157, 31271108, 31470998, 31700974); 北京市科学技术委员会(Z171100000117006); 中国科学院“率先行动”计划特色研究所项目(TSS- 2015-06); 国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1305904)资助; 中国科学院心理健康重点实验室(KLMH2014ZG03)资助。

 The plasticity of aging brain: Evidence from cognitive training

 HUO Lijuan; ZHENG Zhiwei; LI Jin; LI Juan   

  1.  (Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China) (Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
  • Received:2017-07-26 Online:2018-05-15 Published:2018-03-31
  • Contact: LI Juan, E-mail: lijuan@psych.ac.cn E-mail:E-mail: lijuan@psych.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
     

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摘要：  老年人大脑结构和功能衰退是其认知功能下降的重要原因。然而, 老年人的大脑仍然保持了一定的可塑性。随着神经影像技术的发展, 大量研究发现认知训练能够对老年人的大脑结构和功能产生积极影响：(1)在脑结构方面, 表现为大脑皮层灰质体积增加、白质神经纤维连接增强; (2)在进行认知任务时, 表现为脑功能网络发生重组; (3)在静息态脑功能方面, 表现为脑自发活动功能性重组以及功能连接增强。未来的认知训练研究需要考察老年人大脑可塑性存在个体差异的多种影响因素, 并通过纵向追踪研究来探讨大脑可塑性的保持性和迁移效应。

关键词: 认知老化, 大脑可塑性, 认知训练, 功能重组, 神经成像

Abstract: Healthy aging is associated with cognitive impairment, which generally attributed to declines in brain structure and functioning. However, the aging brain retains structural and functional plasticity. With the development of neuroimaging technologies, a large number of brain imaging studies have confirmed that cognitive training positively impacts brain structure and functioning. After training, the aged individuals show: (1) increased structural gray matter volume and integrity of white matter tracts; (2) functional reorganization of brain network when performing cognitive tasks; (3) functional reorganization in intrinsic brain activity and enhancement functional connectivity during resting state. Further studies of cognitive training are required to investigate various factors that influence individual differences of brain plasticity and determine the lasting effects and transfer effects by using longitudinal studies.

Key words: cognitive aging, brain plasticity, cognitive training, functional reorganization, neuroimaging

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