ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办:中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (1): 51-60.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2015.00051

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

反应抑制的训练:内容、效果与机制

赵鑫;陈玲;张鹏   

  1. (西北师范大学心理学院, 行为康复训练研究中心, 兰州 730070)
  • 收稿日期:2014-04-15 出版日期:2015-01-15 发布日期:2015-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 赵鑫, E-mail: psyzhaoxin@nwnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金青年项目(31300838), 教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目(13YJC190032), 认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室开放课题(CNLYB1317), 甘肃省高等学校科研项目(2013A-002)以及西北师范大学青年教师科研能力提升计划(SKQNYB12009)部分资助。

The Training of Inhibition Control: Content, Effect and Mechanism

ZHAO Xin; CHEN Ling; ZHANG Peng   

  1. (Behavior Rehabilitation Training Research Institution, School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China)
  • Received:2014-04-15 Online:2015-01-15 Published:2015-01-15
  • Contact: ZHAO Xin, E-mail: psyzhaoxin@nwnu.edu.cn

摘要:

近期的研究发现, 个体的反应抑制能力具有一定的可塑性。研究者多采用双盲随机对照实验设计, 训练的对象包括儿童、成人和特殊群体, 研究者通过Go/Nogo、Stop-signal等任务进行为期1周至3周, 45至7200试次不等的抑制控制能力训练, 并结合行为、脑电以及脑成像等技术对训练效果进行评估, 研究结果发现, 接受了抑制控制训练的个体其抑制能力得到提升, 并伴随脑神经活动的变化。另外, 研究者发现, 抑制控制能力的训练效果还可以迁移至个体日常生活中的表现。但是, 也有些研究并未发现抑制控制训练的效果。训练任务的设置, 评估任务的选择以及被试反应策略的差异等因素可能会影响训练的效果。抑制控制训练引发行为与大脑活动的变化可能是由于训练导致了个体建立了自上而下有意识的抑制控制模式和自下而上的自动抑制模式。反应抑制和冲突抑制可塑性的比较, 儿童与老年人抑制功能的训练以及训练效果的追踪研究将成为该领域日后研究的重点问题。

关键词: 反应抑制, 可塑性, 机制

Abstract:

Recent studies suggest that response inhibition can be modified with training. To study the effects of training, researchers often adopt a double-blind randomized controlled experimental design, in which the subjects are composed of children, adults, and special groups. In the current study, we trained response inhibition ability by utilizing go/no-go and stop-signal tasks. The intervention group received inhibitory control training consisting of 45 to 7200 trials for one to three weeks. Subsequently, the training effects were assessed by measuring behavioral parameters and brain activity using brain imaging techniques. Our study found that response inhibition ability improved after training. The behavioral modifications were accompanied by changes in brain activity. In addition, the training effects of an individual’s response inhibition ability transferred to performance in daily life. These findings are in contrast to previous reports showing that response inhibition training did not have any lasting effects. To explain this discrepancy, we have to consider multiple factors such as type of training and evaluation tasks. Further, subjects likely utilize different response strategies, which in turn influence training effects. The observed changes in behavior and brain activity caused by inhibitory control training can be explained by top-down control of inhibition and bottom-up automatic inhibition. Therefore, future research will focus on the precise comparison of training effects on response inhibition and conflict inhibition, on inhibitory control ability training in children and elderly people, as well as the long-term effects of training.

Key words: response inhibition, plasticity, mechanism