ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办:中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 45-55.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.00045

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

视觉注意捕获的快速脱离假说与信号抑制假说

张帆1, 陈艾睿2, 董波2, 王爱君1(), 张明1,2()   

  1. 1苏州大学心理学系, 心理与行为科学研究中心, 苏州 215123
    2苏州科技大学心理学系, 苏州 215009
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-06 出版日期:2021-01-15 发布日期:2020-11-23
  • 通讯作者: 王爱君,张明 E-mail:ajwang@suda.edu.cn;psyzm@suda.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    * 国家自然科学基金项目(31871092);国家自然科学基金项目(31700939);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(20YJC190002)

Rapid disengagement hypothesis and signal suppression hypothesis of visual attentional capture

ZHANG Fan1, CHEN Airui2, DONG Bo2, WANG Aijun1(), ZHANG Ming1,2()   

  1. 1Department of Psychology, Soochow University; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
    2Department of Psychology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
  • Received:2020-04-06 Online:2021-01-15 Published:2020-11-23
  • Contact: WANG Aijun,ZHANG Ming E-mail:ajwang@suda.edu.cn;psyzm@suda.edu.cn

摘要:

快速脱离假说和信号抑制假说都是将传统的自下而上捕获和自上而下控制结合起来的混合模式假说。快速脱离假说认为突显干扰物总能在第一时间自下而上地捕获注意, 当突显干扰物与任务要求不符时, 注意会迅速脱离该位置。信号抑制假说认为突显干扰物都会产生“注意我”的信号, 当突显干扰物与任务要求不符时, 该信号会被自上而下地抑制以阻止注意捕获发生。前者相关的研究多采用空间线索提示范式和眼动脱离范式, 实验中被试采取独子探测策略, 而后者相关的研究多采用额外单例范式的变式, 实验中被试采取特征探测策略。未来研究应采用不同的刺激类型和实验方法进一步为两个假说提供证据支持, 同时要关注奖赏、训练等因素对“捕获-脱离”和“信号-抑制”的影响。

关键词: 视觉注意捕获, 快速脱离假说, 信号抑制假说

Abstract:

In visual search, the phenomenon that attention is attracted by task-independent salient stimulus, which leads to search efficiency reduction is called attentional capture. In the traditional theories of visual attentional capture, stimulus-driven theory and goal-driven theory were argued for nearly 20 years. According to stimulus-driven theory, attention is automatically captured by physically salient objects, and regardless of the intentions of the observers. Other researchers believe that only stimuli that match the features of the search target will capture attention. In recent years, two new hybrid models were proposed, which combined bottom-up capture and top-down control settings, called rapid disengagement hypothesis and signal suppression hypothesis. The main content of the rapid disengagement hypothesis is that a salient distractor can always capture attention in a bottom-up manner, but attention only landed on the position of the highlighted stimulus that similar to the target. If the selected stimulus does not look like the target at all, disengagement from that location would be fast and swift. In the empirical evidences of the rapid disengagement hypothesis, spatial-cueing paradigm and oculomotor disengagement paradigm were most often adopted. In those tasks, participants usually took a singleton search strategy to promote search. The signal suppression hypothesis posits that a salient object can automatically produce a bottom-up “attend-to-me” signal, but this signal can be suppressed via top-down control processes when the highlighted object does not meet the task requirements. In the empirical evidences of the signal suppression hypothesis, an additional singleton paradigm was most often adopted. In those tasks, participants were forced to take a feature search strategy. The rapid disengagement hypothesis and the signal suppression hypothesis are indispensable components of the theories of attentional capture, and there are both similarities and differences between them. The similarity lies in the fact that both two theories assume that the initial stage of the attention capture occurs automatically. However, there are different opinions about the shifting of attention during this initial stage. The rapid disengagement hypothesis holds that there is an attention shift in the initial stage of the processing of the salient stimulus, and when the attention has enough time to disengage from the highlight stimulus that does not match the target, attentional capture will not occur. Different from the above views, the signal suppression hypothesis believes that there is no attention shift in the initial stage of the highlight stimulus processing. Attention capture does not actually occur because the salience signal can be suppressed by a top-down mechanism when the salient stimulus is inconsistent with the target. Future researches would focus on the following aspects: (1) More studies adopting different stimuli and experimental methods are needed to support rapid disengagement hypothesis and signal suppression hypothesis; (2) The effects of reward and training on “attentional capture-disengagement” and “signal-suppression” should also be explored in future researches; (3) The neural bases of reactive inhibition mechanism and active inhibition mechanism that involved in rapid disengagement hypothesis and signal suppression hypothesis is a problem which deserves attention.

Key words: visual attentional capture, rapid disengagement hypothesis, signal suppression hypothesis

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