ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办:中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (8): 1277-1286.

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

焦虑障碍的虚拟现实暴露疗法研究述评

王广新;李立   

  1. (北京林业大学人文学院心理学系, 北京 100083)
  • 收稿日期:2011-10-12 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2012-08-15 发布日期:2012-08-15
  • 通讯作者: 王广新

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy of Anxiety Disorders

WANG Guang-Xin;LI Li   

  1. (Psychology Department of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)
  • Received:2011-10-12 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2012-08-15 Published:2012-08-15
  • Contact: WANG Guang-Xin

摘要: 虚拟现实暴露疗法(VRET)是传统的行为疗法的一种转换形式, 也是经典的现实情境暴露疗法的替代性治疗形式。虚拟现实整合了即时计算机图形学、身体感觉传感、视觉成像技术, 给来访者提供近似真实的、可以沉浸(immersion)和交互作用的虚拟环境。研究者采用虚拟现实暴露疗法治疗幽闭恐怖症、恐高症、飞行恐怖症、创伤后应激障碍、惊恐障碍等焦虑障碍, 并且关注虚拟现实暴露疗法的认知机制以及心理生理机制。实验研究表明, 虚拟现实暴露疗法在治疗焦虑障碍时是有效的。被试经过治疗之后, 对情境的控制感和自我效能感提升, 消极自我评价降低, 对创伤事件的容忍力提高, 重新获得对情境的控制感。与心率指标相比, 皮肤电是预测虚拟现实暴露疗法治疗效果更好的指标。虚拟现实暴露疗法还处于实验验证阶段, 并没有应用到实际临床中, 需要更加规范的实验设计验证该疗法的认知机制以及心理生理机制。虚拟现实暴露疗法结合功能磁共振成像(FMRI)用于心理治疗, 会是未来发展的新方向。

关键词: 虚拟现实暴露疗法, 焦虑障碍, 认知行为疗法, 认知机制, 心理生理机制

Abstract: Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is an altered form of behavioral therapy and may be a possible alternative to standard in vivo exposure. Virtual reality integrates real-time computer graphics, body tracking devices, visual displays, and other sensory input devices to immerse patients in a computer-generated virtual environment. The review has focused on the efficacy of VRET in treating anxiety disorders: phobias, agoraphobia, fear of flying and posttraumatic stress disorder. The well-controlled study shows that virtual reality exposure therapy is effective and efficient to treat anxiety disorder. The client who received the VRET shows significant improvement in the self-efficiency and regains the feeling of control over the situation. The skin conduction will be a better predictor for the efficiency of VRET than heart rate. The cognitive and psychophysiological mechanism of VRET is also discussed. More randomized clinical trials in which VRET is compared with standard exposure are required, and the mediating and moderating variables that influence VR treatment effectiveness as well. The psychotherapy will see the new trend: integrating functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) with virtual reality to treat mental disorder.

Key words: virtual reality exposure therapy, anxiety disorders, cognitive-behavior therapy, cognitive mechanisms, psychophysiological mechanisms