ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办:中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2010, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (5): 819-830.

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污名应对策略的研究现状与展望

杨柳; 刘力; 吴海铮   

  1. 北京师范大学心理学院, 应用实验心理北京市重点实验室, 北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2009-08-17 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2010-05-15 发布日期:2010-05-15
  • 通讯作者: 刘力

Strategies of Coping with Stigma: A Critical Review

YANG Liu; LIU Li; WU Hai-Zheng

  

  1. School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University; Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing 100875, China
  • Received:2009-08-17 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2010-05-15 Published:2010-05-15
  • Contact: LIU Li

摘要: 应激与应对的理论发展构建了污名应对研究的基本框架。污名应对策略是指被污名者在具体污名情境中为减少压力的消极影响而有目的地采用的情绪、认知和行为反应。目前, 关于被污名者应对污名策略的研究, 特别是艾滋病污名应对策略的研究日趋增多。根据不同的划分标准, 可以区分出问题聚焦性与情绪聚焦性策略、卷入与摆脱策略以及前摄性与反应性策略; 对于可隐藏污名而言, 还涉及到表露/隐藏策略。在研究方法上, 质性研究范式日益发挥重要作用。未来应该注重污名应对策略的情境性, 加强不同污名领域的专题研究, 关注对应对策略的评价并构建污名应对策略的层次模型。

关键词: 污名, 被污名者, 应对策略, 艾滋病污名

Abstract: Stigmatized people have a vast array of coping strategies towards stigma-related stressors resulting from their devalued social status, including emotional, cognitive and behavioral responses. There is an increasing interest in theorizing these coping strategies in generally, and coping strategies towards HIV/AIDS related stigma in particular. According to different academic criteria, strategies of coping with stigma have been categorized as follows: problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies, engagement and disengagement strategies, proactive and reactive strategies. People with concealable stigma always adopt the coping tactics of disclosure/concealment. Qualitative methods have been increasingly employed in the field. More attention should be paid to coping environment, coping strategies in relation to different forms of stigma, the multiple dimensional nature of coping responses, and appraisals on the effects of diverse coping strategies.

Key words: stigma, the stigmatized, coping strategies, HIV/AIDS related stigma