从无我到自我实现: 基于自我发展的智慧历程

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2020.01880

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

智慧者同时具备“无我”与自我实现两种特征。社会生态取向的智慧研究表明, 去自我中心式的“无我”心态可以促进个体在人生困境或冲突类问题中的智慧表现; 人格特质取向的智慧研究表明, 智慧型人格与自我实现幸福感显著正相关, 并且短期追踪研究表明智慧可以带来自我实现的人生境界与体验。参照人格特质与情境的相关争论, 整合智慧两种取向下与自我密切相关的实证研究, 提出基于自我发展的智慧历程模型: “无我”基础心态促进个体在现实生活中的智慧实践, 继而最终带来自我实现的人生状态或境界, 同时伴随该境界的内心充实、满足与平静体验又会加强“无我”心态。未来具体研究方面: (1)关注不同文化下自我类型的影响; (2)揭示智慧型人格与自我实现幸福感的动态关系。

关键词: 智慧, 自我, 自我实现, 无我, 智慧推理

Abstract:

Wise people are both selfless and eudaemonic. Research adopting the social-ecological approach has found individual’s ability to reason wisely across interpersonal and societal conflicts can be fostered by ego-decentering mindset, while research grounded in the person-centric approach has demonstrated the positive relation between wisdom and eudaimonia. Based on the integration of the two approaches, a model of self-based processes of wisdom was proposed. This model is characterized by a self-reinforcing circle. More specifically, selflessness boosts practical wisdom in daily life, which will bring the state of eudaimonia. In turn, this state of mind linked with eudaimonia will reinforce the selflessness. Lastly, the influence of different types of self across cultures and dynamic relationship between eudaimonia and wisdom are needed to be further investigated.

Key words: wisdom, self, eudaimonia, selflessness, wise reasoning

中图分类号:

B848

魏新东, 汪凤炎. (2020). 从无我到自我实现: 基于自我发展的智慧历程. 心理科学进展 , 28(11), 1880-1889.

WEI Xindong, WANG Fengyan. (2020). Selflessness and eudaimonia: Self-based processes of wisdom. Advances in Psychological Science, 28(11), 1880-1889.

图/表 1

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