政治技能的实施效果及其理论解释

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.02109

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

政治技能(Political skill)作为一种重要的社会能力, 是组织核心竞争力的关键, 近年来受到学者广泛关注。根据内容分析法(Content analysis)要求, 深入探讨分析了政治技能的实施效果及其理论解释, 总结出5种理论视角: 社会交换理论、社会影响理论、资源保存理论、社会认知理论和社会资本理论。未来研究应关注中国组织情境下政治技能的概念和测量、探索政治技能的诱因、基于团队层面政治技能的实施效果和基于资源保存理论视角的政治技能实施效果。

关键词: 政治技能, 理论视角, 实施效果

Abstract:

As a significant social ability, political skill is important for organizational core competitiveness. In recent years, political skill has received extensive attention from researchers. By using content analysis, we summarize the consequences and theoretical explanation of political skill, including social exchange theory, social influence theory, conservation of resources theory, social cognitive theory, and social capital theory. Future research should develop the concept and measurement of political skill in the Chinese organizational context, explorethe antecedents of political skill, examine the consequences of political skill from the team level, and focus on the effects of political skill based on conservation of resources theory.

Key words: political skill, theoretical perspective, consequences

中图分类号:

B849: C91

吴论文, 杨付. (2019). 政治技能的实施效果及其理论解释. 心理科学进展 , 27(12), 2109-2121.

WU Lunwen, YANG Fu. (2019). Political skill: Consequences and theoretical explanation. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(12), 2109-2121.

图/表 4

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研究者	维度	条目数	国家/地区	总量表α系数
Ferris et al., 1999	单维	6	美国	0.78
Ferris et al., 2005	四维：社会机敏性; 人际影响力; 网络能力; 外显真诚性;	18	美国	0.89
柳恒超等, 2008	五维：处事圆通; 关系经营; 人际敏锐; 表现真诚; 面子和谐;	22	中国	0.67
Chen & Lin, 2014	四维：社交机敏性; 人际影响力; 网络能力; 外显真诚性;	15	中国台湾	0.92

研究者	维度	条目数	国家/地区	总量表α系数
Ferris et al., 1999	单维	6	美国	0.78
Ferris et al., 2005	四维：社会机敏性; 人际影响力; 网络能力; 外显真诚性;	18	美国	0.89
柳恒超等, 2008	五维：处事圆通; 关系经营; 人际敏锐; 表现真诚; 面子和谐;	22	中国	0.67
Chen & Lin, 2014	四维：社交机敏性; 人际影响力; 网络能力; 外显真诚性;	15	中国台湾	0.92

理论基础	时间					合计
理论基础	2011前	2012~2013	2014~2015	2016~2017	2018以后	合计
社会交换理论	4 (2)	4 (1)	6	8 (1)	2	24
社会影响理论	4 (2)	5 (2)	6	7 (1)	2	24
资源保存理论	0	1	1 (1)	5	4 (1)	11
社会认知理论	2 (1)	0	4 (1)	2	1	9
社会资本理论	0	1	0	1	2	4

理论基础	时间					合计
理论基础	2011前	2012~2013	2014~2015	2016~2017	2018以后	合计
社会交换理论	4 (2)	4 (1)	6	8 (1)	2	24
社会影响理论	4 (2)	5 (2)	6	7 (1)	2	24
资源保存理论	0	1	1 (1)	5	4 (1)	11
社会认知理论	2 (1)	0	4 (1)	2	1	9
社会资本理论	0	1	0	1	2	4

理论视角	理论基础	研究者	自变量	中介变量	结果变量	引用次数
社会交换理论	当个体获得帮助和支持时, 将采取行动使得双方存在利益互惠, 以义务的方式回报对方的好处(Blau, 1964)。当领导与下属之间建立起高质量社会交换关系后, 作为对这种关系的回应, 领导和下属都会有积极的工作表现和互惠(House & Aditya, 1997)。	Ewen et al., 2013	领导政治技能	变革型领导行为	领导有效性、员工工作满意度	32
		Brouer et al., 2013	领导政治技能	感知领导-成员关系质量	领导有效性、员工有效性	28
		Dana et al., 2012	员工政治技能	工作关系质量与组织公民行为	积极的个人声誉	17
		Epitropaki et al., 2016	员工政治技能		领导-成员关系质量	7
		刘军等, 2008	员工政治技能	员工-领导关系	职业发展	145
		韩翼, 杨百寅, 2012	徒弟政治技能	师徒关系	徒弟职业成功	41
		薛亦伦等, 2016	员工政治技能	领导-成员关系	工作场所排斥	19
社会影响理论	个体实施社会影响和赢得成功的关键, 主要取决于对所处环境人际互动的理解和控制能力(Levy et al., 1998)。	Munyon et al., 2015	个体政治技能	个人声誉	任务绩效	64
		Todd et al., 2009	员工政治技能		职业满意度、生活满意度、感知外界市场	50
		Bing et al., 2011	个体政治技能		关系绩效、任务绩效	40
		Gentry et al., 2012	个体政治技能	领导行为	晋升评价	33
		Cullen et al., 2014	员工政治技能	受欢迎程度	工作排斥、人际冲突	15
		Dana Laird et al., 2012	个体政治技能		个人声誉	14
		Brouer et al., 2015	个体政治技能		积极的印象管理策略	12
		刘军等, 2010	员工政治技能	个人声誉、个人权利	职业发展	73
		薛亦伦等, 2016	员工政治技能		工作排斥	19
资源保存理论	人们总是努力获取、保护和维持他们认为宝贵的资源(Hobfoll, 1989), 如社会关系、社会支持和发展机会等。政治技能能够缓解个体工作压力和促进工作表现。	Wu et al., 2012	个体政治技能		缓冲职场排斥	63
		Zhao & Xia, 2017	个体政治技能		工作场所排斥	5
		韩翼, 杨百寅, 2014	领导政治技能	心理授权	员工组织承诺	16
社会认知理论	个体在实施行动前, 将对自身机会、成果预期及过程控制等因素进行评估, 在评估基础上形成自我效能感, 并依据效能感水平的高低来决定是否采取行动(Bandura, 1986),	Munyon et al., 2015	个体政治技能	自我效能感	任务绩效	64
		王永跃等, 2015	个体政治技能	建言效能感	建言行为	57
		唐乐等, 2015	个体政治技能	创新效能感	创新行为	11
社会资本理论	社会资本作为关系网络中获取的重要资源, 包括结构、关系和认知三个维度(Burt, 1992; Nahapiet & Ghoshal, 1998)。	Tocher et al., 2012	企业家政治技能		财务绩效、企业绩效	13
社会资本理论		Fang et al., 2015	企业家政治技能		企业绩效	12