基于眼动研究的孤独症谱系障碍早期预测

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.00301

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

孤独症谱系障碍是一组以社交困难为主要特征的神经发育障碍, 涵盖孤独症、阿斯伯格综合症及分类不明确的广泛型精神发育障碍。ASD预测研究集中在神经生理学、遗传学及心理学领域。在心理学研究中, 眼动技术的运用使得相关测量更为细微、精确, 测量过程更严谨, 预测关系更可信。现有的眼动预测主要着眼于注视时间、首视点和扫视反应时指标的研究。这些研究揭示注视面部和眼睛时间短、注视眼睛时间随年龄增长递减、注视追随时间短、注视重复物理性刺激时间长、视觉搜索优势及注意解除困难均可以预测ASD。未来研究应强化眼动特征预测作用的追踪性考证, 加大与其它发展障碍的预测区分, 控制视觉接受能力对眼动行为的影响, 建立综合性预测体系。

关键词: 孤独症谱系障碍, 注视时间, 首视点, 扫视反应时

Abstract:

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders, which is mainly characterized by social dysfunction. ASD includes autism, Asperger's syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. ASD prediction researches mainly focus on the fields of neurophysiology, genetics and psychology. In the studies of psychology, the use of eye movement technology makes not only the measurement more accurate and subtle, the process more rigorous, but also the predictive relationship more reliable. Nowadays, the eye movement prediction studies focus on fixation duration, first fixation point and saccadic reaction time. These studies have shown that ASD can be predicted by certain aspects: the short time fixation duration of the face and eyes, the decrease of fixation duration of eyes with age growing, the short gaze following time, the long time fixation duration of the repetitive physical stimulation, the visual search advantage, and the difficulty of the attentional disengagement. The future studies should reinforce the longitudinal study of the predictive function of the eye movement, increasing the predictive distinction between ASD and other development disorders, controlling the effects of visual reception on the eye movement and establishing the comprehensive predictive system.

Key words: autism spectrum disorders, fixation duration, first fixation point, saccadic reaction time

中图分类号:

B845
R395

赵晓宁, 胡金生, 李松泽, 刘西, 刘琼阳, 吴娜. (2019). 基于眼动研究的孤独症谱系障碍早期预测. 心理科学进展 , 27(2), 301-311.

ZHAO Xiaoning, HU Jinsheng, LI Songze, LIU Xi, LIU Qiongyang, WU Na. (2019). Early predication of autism spectrum disorders based on eye movement studies. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(2), 301-311.

参考文献 57

1	陈巍, 丁峻, 陈箐灵 . ( 2008). 社会脑研究二十年: 回顾与展望. 西北师大学报(社会科学版), 45( 6), 84-89.
2	Abbott A. E., Linke A., Nair A., Jahedi A., Alba L. A., Keown C. L., & Müller R. A . ( 2018). Repetitive behaviors in autism are linked to imbalance of corticostriatal connectivity: A functional connectivity MRI study. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 13( 1), 32-42.
3	Adolphs, R. ( 2009). The social brain: neural basis of social knowledge. Annual review of psychology, 60, 693-716. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163514 URL
4	American Psychiatric Association . ( 2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub.
5	Barbaro J. & Dissanayake, C. ( 2009). Autism spectrum disorders in infancy and toddlerhood: A review of the evidence on early signs, early identification tools, and early diagnosis. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 30( 5), 447-459.
6	Bedford R., Elsabbagh M., Gliga T., Pickles A., Senju A., Charman T., & Johnson M. H . ( 2012). Precursors to social and communication difficulties in infants at-risk for autism: Gaze following and attentional engagement. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42( 10), 2208-2218. doi: 10.1007/s10803-012-1450-y URL
7	Bedford R., Pickles A., Gliga T., Elsabbagh M., Charman T., & Johnson M. H . ( 2014). Additive effects of social and non‐social attention during infancy relate to later autism spectrum disorder. Developmental Science, 17( 4), 612-620. doi: 10.1111/desc.2014.17.issue-4 URL
8	Blaser E., Eglington L., & Kaldy Z . ( 2012). Toddlers with ASD are better at visual search without trying harder: A pupillometric study. Neurology, 15, 132-135.
9	Brothers, L. ( 2002). The social brain: a project for integrating primate behavior and neurophysiology in a new domain. Concepts in Neuroscience, 1, 27-51.
10	Bryson S. E., Zwaigenbaum L., Brian J., Roberts W., Szatmari P., Rombough V., & McDermott C . ( 2007). A prospective case series of high-risk infants who developed autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37( 1), 12-24. doi: 10.1007/s10803-006-0328-2 URL
11	Chawarska K., Macari S., & Shic F . ( 2013). Decreased spontaneous attention to social scenes in 6-month-old infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 74( 3), 195-203. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.11.022 URL
12	Cheung C. H. M., Bedford R., Johnson M. H., Charman T., & Gliga T . ( 2016). Visual search performance in infants associates with later ASD diagnosis. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 29, 4-10.
13	Elsabbagh M., Fernandes J., Webb S. J., Dawson G., Charman T., Johnson M. H ., & British Autism Study of Infant Siblings Team. ( 2013). Disengagement of visual attention in infancy is associated with emerging autism in toddlerhood. Biological Psychiatry, 74( 3), 189-194. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.11.030 URL
14	Elsabbagh M. & Johnson, M.H . ( 2016). Autism and the social brain: the first-year puzzle. Biol Psychiatry, 80( 2), 94-99. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.02.019 URL
15	Elsabbagh M. & Johnson, M.H . ( 2010). Getting answers from babies about autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14( 2), 81-87. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2009.12.005 URL
16	Elison J. T., Paterson S. J., Wolff J. J., Reznick J. S., Sasson N. J., Gu H. B., ..Piven J . ( 2013). White matter microstructure and atypical visual orienting in 7-month-olds at risk for autism. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 170( 8), 899-908. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12091150 URL
17	Elison J. T., Wolff J. J., Reznick J. S., Botteron K. N., Estes A. M., Gu H. B., .. Piven J . ( 2014). Repetitive behavior in 12-month-olds later classified with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53( 11), 1216-1224.
18	Falck-Ytter T., Bölte S., & Gredebäck G . ( 2013). Eye tracking in early autism research. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 5( 1), 13-28. doi: 10.1186/1866-1955-5-13 URL
19	Fuccillo M.V . ( 2016). Striatal circuits as a common node for autism pathophysiology. Front Neurosci, 10, 27. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00027.
20	Gliga T., Bedford R., Charman T., Johnson M. H . ( 2015). Enhanced visual search in infancy predicts emerging autism symptoms. Current Biology, 25( 13), 1727-1730. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.011 URL
21	Goldberg W. A., Jarvis K. L., Osann K., Laulhere T. M., Straub C., Thomas E., .. Spence M. A . ( 2005). Brief report: Early social communication behaviors in the younger siblings of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35( 5), 657-664. doi: 10.1007/s10803-005-0009-6 URL
22	Goldberg W. A., Thorsen K. L., Osann K., & Spence M. A . ( 2008). Use of home videotapes to confirm parental reports of regression in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38( 6), 1136-1146. doi: 10.1007/s10803-007-0498-6 URL
23	Happé F. & Ronald, A. ( 2008). The ‘fractionable autism triad’: A review of evidence from behavioural, genetic, cognitive and neural research. Neuropsychology Review, 18( 4), 287-304. doi: 10.1007/s11065-008-9076-8 URL
24	Hazlett H. C., Gu H., Munsell B. C., Kim S. H., Styner M., Wolff J. J., & Piven J . ( 2017). Early brain development in infants at high risk for autism spectrum disorder. Nature, 542( 7641), 348-351. doi: 10.1038/nature21369 URL
25	Jones W. & Klin, A. ( 2013). Attention to eyes is present but in decline in 2-6-month-old infants later diagnosed with autism. Nature, 504( 7480), 427-431. doi: 10.1038/nature12715 URL
26	Kaldy Z., Giserman I., Carter A. S., & Blaser E . ( 2016). The mechanisms underlying the ASD advantage in visual search. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46( 5), 1513-1527. doi: 10.1007/s10803-013-1957-x URL
27	Keehn B., Müller R. A., & Townsend J . ( 2013). Atypical attentional networks and the emergence of autism. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37( 2), 164-183.
28	Kleberg J. L., Thorup E., & Falck‐Ytter T . ( 2017). Reduced visual disengagement but intact phasic alerting in young children with autism. Autism Research, 10( 3), 539-545. doi: 10.1002/aur.1675 URL
29	Klin A., Shultz S., & Jones W . ( 2015). Social visual engagement in infants and toddlers with autism: Early developmental transitions and a model of pathogenesis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 50, 189-203.
30	Leekam S. R., Prior M. R., & Uljarevic M . ( 2011). Restricted and repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders: A review of research in the last decade. Psychological Bulletin, 137( 4), 562-593. doi: 10.1037/a0023341 URL
31	Mullen E.M . ( 1995). Mullen scales of early learning (pp. 58-64). Circle Pines, MN: AGS.
32	Murphy D. & Spooren, W. ( 2012). Eu-aims: A boost to autism research. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 11( 11), 815-816. doi: 10.1038/nrd3881 URL
33	Ozonoff S., Iosif A. M., Baguio F., Cook I. C., Hill M. M., Hutman T., & Young G. S . ( 2010). A prospective study of the emergence of early behavioral signs of autism. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49( 3), 256-266.
34	Palomo R., Belinchón M., & Ozonoff S . ( 2006). Autism and family home movies: A comprehensive review. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 27( 2), S59-S68.
35	Pelphrey K.A., & Carter, E.J . ( 2008). Brain mechanisms for social perception. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1145( 1), 283-299. doi: 10.1196/nyas.2008.1145.issue-1 URL
36	Pierce K., Conant D., Hazin R., Stoner R., & Desmond J . ( 2011). Preference for geometric patterns early in life as a risk factor for autism. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68( 1), 101-109. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.113 URL
37	Pierce K., Eyler L. T., Solso S., Campbell K., & Courchesne E . ( 2011, May). Failure of STS activation may underlie early emerging social orienting defects in autism. Conference paper at the International Meeting for Autism Research, San Diego, CA.
38	Pierce K., Marinero S., Hazin R., Mckenna B., Barnes C. C., & Malige A . ( 2016). Eye-tracking reveals abnormal visual preference for geometric images as an early biomarker of an ASD subtype associated with increased symptom severity. Biological Psychiatry, 79( 8), 657-666. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.032 URL
39	Posner M.I., & Cohen, Y. ( 1984). Components of visual orienting. Attention and performance X: Control of Language Processes, 32, 531-556.
40	Riby D.M., & Hancock, P. J.B . ( 2009). Do faces capture the attention of individuals with Williams syndrome or autism? Evidence from tracking eye movements. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 39( 3), 421-431.
41	Ruggeri B., Sarkans U., Schumann G., & Persico A. M . ( 2014). Biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder: The old and the new. Psychopharmacology, 231( 6), 1201-1216. doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3290-7 URL
42	Sabatos-Devito M., Schipul S. E., Bulluck J. C., Belger A., & Baranek G. T . ( 2016). Eye tracking reveals impaired attentional disengagement associated with sensory response patterns in children with autism. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 46( 4), 1319-1333.
43	Sara S.J . ( 2009). The locus coeruleus and noradrenergic modulation of cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10( 3), 211-223. doi: 10.1038/nrn2573 URL
44	Shic F., Macari S., & Chawarska K . ( 2014). Speech disturbs face scanning in 6-month-old infants who develop autism spectrum disorder. Biological psychiatry, 75( 3), 231-237. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.07.009 URL
45	Shultz S., Jones W., & Klin A. (2015). Early Departures from normative processes of social engagement in infants with autism spectrum disorder. In: A Puce., B Bertentha. (Eds) The Many Faces of Social Attention (pp. 157-177). Springer, Cham.
46	Sperdin H. F., Coito A., Kojovic N., Rihs T. A., Jan R. K., Franchini M., .. Schaer M . ( 2018). Early alterations of social brain networks in young children with autism. eLife, 7, e31670.
47	Tomasello M., Carpenter M., Call J., Behne T., & Moll H . ( 2005). Understanding and sharing intentions: the origins of cultural cognition. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 28( 5), 675-691.
48	Trillingsgaard A., Sørensen E. U., Němec G., & Jørgensen M . ( 2005). What distinguishes autism spectrum disorders from other developmental disorders before the age of four years? European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 14( 2), 65-72.
49	Varcin K.J., & Jeste, S.S . ( 2017). The emergence of autism spectrum disorder: Insights gained from studies of brain and behaviour in high-risk infants. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 30( 2), 85-91. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000312 URL
50	Vivanti G., Fanning P. A., Hocking D. R., Sievers S., & Dissanayake C . ( 2017). Social attention, joint attention and sustained attention in autism spectrum disorder and Williams syndrome: Convergences and divergences. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 47( 6), 1866-1877.
51	Wagner J. B., Luyster R. J., Tager-Flusberg H., & Nelson C. A . ( 2016). Greater pupil size in response to emotional faces as an early marker of social-communicative difficulties in infants at high risk for autism. Infancy, 21( 5), 560-581. doi: 10.1111/infa.2016.21.issue-5 URL
52	Wagner J. B., Luyster R. J., Moustapha H., Tager-Flusberg H., & Nelson C. A . ( 2016). Differential attention to faces in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder and associations with later social and language ability. Int J Behav Dev, 42( 1), 83-92.
53	Wagner J. B., Luyster R. J., Yim J. Y., Tager-Flusberg H., & Nelson C. A . ( 2013). The role of early visual attention in social development. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 37( 2), 118-124. doi: 10.1177/0165025412468064 URL
54	Walker S.C., & McGlone, F.P . ( 2013). The social brain: Neurobiological basis of affiliative behaviours and psychological well-being. Neuropeptides, 47( 6), 379-393. doi: 10.1016/j.npep.2013.10.008 URL
55	Wolff J. J., Botteron K. N., Dager S. R., Elison J. T., Estes A. M., Gu H. B,.. Piven J .( 2014). Longitudinal patterns of repetitive behavior in toddlers with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55( 8), 945-953.
56	Wrzesińska M., Kapias J., Nowakowska-Domagała K., & Kocur J . ( 2017). Visual impairment and traits of autism in children. Psychiatria Polska, 51( 2), 349-358. doi: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/61352 URL
57	Zwaigenbaum L., Bryson S., Rogers T., Roberts W., Brian J., & Szatmari P . ( 2005). Behavioral manifestations of autism in the first year of life. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 23( 2-3), 143-152. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.05.001 URL

[1]	刘敏, 胡洋, 刘巧云. 孤独症儿童潜在早期识别标志——发声异常及原因探析[J]. 心理科学进展, 2022, 30(3): 635-647.
[2]	王琳, 王志丹, 王泓婧. 孤独症儿童动作发展障碍的神经机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(7): 1239-1250.
[3]	毕小彬, 范晓壮, 米文丽, 贺荟中. 高风险婴儿前瞻性纵向研究与孤独症谱系障碍早期识别[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(3): 443-455.
[4]	荆伟, 王庭照. 双通路理论视角下孤独症谱系障碍者的视线加工障碍[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(3): 508-521.
[5]	白晓宇, TawandaS.Mutusva, 祝卓宏. PEAK关系训练系统：孤独症语言障碍康复的新方法[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(11): 1896-1905.
[6]	李涛涛, 胡金生, 王琦, 李骋诗, 李松泽, 何建青, 李辰洋, 刘淑清. 孤独症谱系障碍者的视听时间整合 ^*[J]. 心理科学进展, 2018, 26(6): 1031-1040.
[7]	巨兴达, 宋伟, 徐婧. CHRM3基因与孤独症谱系障碍[J]. 心理科学进展, 2018, 26(12): 2141-2152.
[8]	王分分, 祝卓宏. 言语行为的关系框架理论视角：孤独症谱系障碍的新探索[J]. 心理科学进展, 2017, 25(8): 1321-1326.
[9]	王琦;胡金生;李骋诗;李松泽. 孤独症谱系障碍者的情绪韵律识别[J]. 心理科学进展, 2016, 24(9): 1377-1390.
[10]	李松泽; 胡金生; 李骋诗; 王琦; 刘淑清; 康晓东; 崔丽 . 孤独症谱系障碍者的视觉−空间工作记忆缺陷及脑机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2016, 24(7): 1050-1064.