对齐(Alignment) —— 一种新的多群组分析法

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.00181

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

进行跨群组的因素均值比较需要检验测量工具的可比较性, 常见的做法是使用多群组CFA检验各群组的截距恒定性, 但截距恒定假设因其过于苛刻而往往无法满足.对齐法在这一背景下应运而生, 通过检验构置恒定模型中参数的近似恒定性而进行跨群组因素均值比较.文章介绍了多群组CFA和对齐法的原理, 运用某省4个学校的本科生职业价值观研究实例来演示如何在Mplus软件中使用对齐法进行研究, 并总结了对齐法的优势与局限, 回顾了对齐法近年的研究进展.

关键词: 多群组分析, 多群组CFA, 测量恒定性, 对齐法, 蒙特卡洛模拟研究

Abstract:

Comparing the latent factor means across groups need to test the comparability of the instrument. Researchers usually test the scalar invariance to achieve this goal but often get unsatisfactory results. The alignment is proposed under this background. It allows the comparison of the latent factor means by testing the approximate invariance of the configural model parameters and has become a significant complement to multiple-group CFA. This article gives a detailed description of the multiple-group CFA and alignment, summarizes the research procedures and points to which researchers need to pay attention when applying alignment, uses an undergraduates’ work value data to illustrate how to use alignment to do a research with Mplus. In the end, this article summarizes the advantages and limitations of alignment and reviews its research developments and empirical applications.

Key words: multiple-group analysis, multiple-group CFA, measurement invariance, alignment, Monte Carlo simulation study

中图分类号:

B841

温聪聪, 伍伟平, 林光杰. (2019). 对齐(Alignment) —— 一种新的多群组分析法. 心理科学进展 , 27(1), 181-189.

WEN Congcong, WU Weiping, LIN Guangjie. (2019). Alignment: A new method for multiple-group analysis. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(1), 181-189.

图/表 8

参考文献 17

1	蔡华俭, 林永佳, 伍秋萍, 严乐, 黄玄凤 . (2008). 网络测验和纸笔测验的测量不变性研究——以生活满意度量表为例. 心理学报,40(2), 228-239.
2	王孟成 . (2014). 潜变量建模与Mplus应用•基础篇. 重庆大学出版社..
3	温聪聪, 伍伟平, 蒋玉塔 . (2016). 厦门大学理工科本科生职业发展研究. 职大学报, (3), 94-99.
4	Asparouhov T., & Muthén B. (2014). Multiple-group factor analysis alignment. Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal, 21(4), 495-508. doi: 10.1080/10705511.2014.919210 URL
5	Billiet J. . (2013). Quantitative methods with survey data in comparative research. Urology, 76(76), S2-S3. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.07.118 URL
6	Davidov E., Meuleman B., Cieciuch J., Schmidt P., & Billiet J . (2014). Measurement equivalence in cross-national research. Annual Review of Sociology, 40(40), 55-75. doi: 10.1146/annurev-soc-071913-043137 URL
7	Lomazzi V. . (2018). Using alignment optimization to test the measurement invariance of gender role attitudes in 59 countries. Methods, Data, Analyses: A Journal for Quantitative Methods and Survey Methodology (MDA), 12(1), 77-103.
8	Maltese A. V., Ross H., Wang L., & Wang Y . (2014). Assessing multinational interest in STEM: Implementing a comparative survey research study in China. International Journal of Chinese Education, 3(1), 109-131.
9	Marsh H. W., Guo J., Parker P. D., Nagengast B., Asparouhov T., & Muthén B ., et al. (2017). What to do when scalar
	invariance fails: The extended alignment method for multiple-group factor analysis comparison of latent means across many groups. Psychological Methods.Advance online publication.
10	Millsap R.E . (2011). Statistical approaches to measurement invariance. New York, NY, US: Routledge/Taylor &. Francis Group.
11	Muthén B., & Asparouhov T. (2014). IRT studies of many groups: the alignment method. Frontiers in Psychology, 5(5), 978. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00978 URL pmid: 4162377
12	Muthén B., & Asparouhov T. (2017). Recent methods for the study of measurement invariance with many groups: alignment and random effects. Sociological Methods & Research, DOI: 10.1177/0049124117701488.
13	Munck I., Barber C., & Torney-Purta J . (2017). Measurement invariance in comparing attitudes toward immigrants among youth across Europe in 1999 and 2009: The alignment method applied to IEA CIVED and ICCS. Sociological Methods & Research, DOI: 10.1177/ 0049124117729691.
14	Piurko Y., Schwartz S. H., & Davidov E . (2011). Basic personal values and the meaning of left-right political orientations in 20 countries. Political Psychology, 32(4), 537-561. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2011.00828.x URL
15	Vandenberg R.J., &Lance C.E . (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4-70.
16	Wang J.C., &Wang X.Q . (2012). Structural equation modeling: Applications using Mplus. John Wiley &. Sons.
17	Widaman K.F., &Reise S.P . (1997). Exploring the measurement invariance of psychological instruments: Applications in the substance use domain. In K. J. Bryant, M. Windle, & S. G. West (Eds.), The science of prevention: Methodological advances from alcohol and substance abuse research (pp. 281-324) . Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/10222-009 URL

维度设计	题号	题项内容
社会责任	Q1	有助于可持续发展和环境保护
	Q5	帮助他人
	Q9	做对社会发展有重要意义的事情
个人兴趣	Q2	自我发展
	Q3	做我感兴趣的事情
	Q4	获得一份有保障的工作
	Q6	发挥我的天赋和能力
经济动机	Q7	获得高薪的机会
经济动机	Q8	尽快开始赚钱

维度设计	题号	题项内容
社会责任	Q1	有助于可持续发展和环境保护
	Q5	帮助他人
	Q9	做对社会发展有重要意义的事情
个人兴趣	Q2	自我发展
	Q3	做我感兴趣的事情
	Q4	获得一份有保障的工作
	Q6	发挥我的天赋和能力
经济动机	Q7	获得高薪的机会
经济动机	Q8	尽快开始赚钱

题项	F1	F2	F3
1. 有助于可持续发展和环境保护		0.767
2. 自我发展	0.742
3. 做我感兴趣的事情	0.833
4. 获得一份有保障的工作	0.625
5. 帮助他人		0.828
6. 发挥我的天赋和能力	0.689
7. 获得高薪的机会			0.671
8. 尽快开始赚钱			0.705
9. 做对社会发展有重要意义的事情		0.717

题项	F1	F2	F3
1. 有助于可持续发展和环境保护		0.767
2. 自我发展	0.742
3. 做我感兴趣的事情	0.833
4. 获得一份有保障的工作	0.625
5. 帮助他人		0.828
6. 发挥我的天赋和能力	0.689
7. 获得高薪的机会			0.671
8. 尽快开始赚钱			0.705
9. 做对社会发展有重要意义的事情		0.717

模型	参数数目	卡方值	自由度	p值
构置恒定	120	1028.009	96	<0.001
因素载荷恒定	102	1058.646	114	<0.001
截距恒定	84	1120.288	132	<0.001
载荷恒定对构置恒定	-	30.638	18	0.0317
截距恒定对构置恒定	-	92.279	36	<0.001
截距恒定对载荷恒定	-	61.614	18	<0.001