ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办:中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (5): 716-724.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2016.00716

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

效率至上还是忠实优先:学前儿童模仿学习机制探讨

郑 名1;韩增霞1;王志丹2   

  1. (1西北师范大学教育学院, 兰州 730070) (2美国乔治亚州立大学心理系, 亚特兰大 30302)
  • 收稿日期:2015-07-17 出版日期:2016-05-15 发布日期:2016-05-15
  • 通讯作者: 郑名, E-mail: zhengming003@sina.com
  • 基金资助:

    教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(12JJD880018)。

Efficiency or fidelity first: A discussion of preschool children’s imitative learning mechanism

ZHENG Ming1; HAN Zengxia1; WANG Zhidan2   

  1. (1 College of Education, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China) (2 Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30302, USA)
  • Received:2015-07-17 Online:2016-05-15 Published:2016-05-15
  • Contact: ZHENG Ming, E-mail: zhengming003@sina.com

摘要:

模仿是儿童学习的一种重要机制, 但学前儿童在模仿他人行为的过程中, 是注重效率原则而有选择性地模仿, 还是注重忠实原则不加辨别地模仿? 这一问题成为近10年来发展心理学, 比较心理学和进化人类学中的争论问题。争论双方提供了大量实验证据支持各自观点, 并提出种种假设以解释学前儿童的模仿学习机制。如基于因果关系推理角度提出自动因果编码假设和意图不清假设; 基于社会交往角度提出社会依存假设和自然教育法假设等。迄今为止, 尚无一个假设能解释所有证据。因此, 在整合相关实验证据的基础上, 提出了解释这一争论的新视角——“损益权衡”假设, 即学前儿童模仿策略选择是特定情境下权衡利益与损失的过程。

关键词: 模仿, 效率, 忠实, 学习机制

Abstract:

Imitation is an important learning mechanism. However, do preschool children emphasize efficiency and copy actions selectively, or emphasize fidelity and copy indiscriminately? This debate on preschool children’s imitation is becoming a key question among developmental psychologists, comparative psychologists, and evolutionary anthropologists in the last 10 years. Some researchers proposed the automatic causal encoding hypothesis and the intention misunderstanding hypothesis based on how preschool children reason causal relations. Other researchers proposed the social affiliation hypothesis and the natural pedagogical hypothesis according to how preschool children communicate with others socially. To date, no one hypothesis has been able to explain all the evidence. To understand this debate from a new perspective, the “benefit-and-loss trading” hypothesis was proposed, which states that preschool children copy other’s actions by trading the benefit and loss.

Key words: imitation, efficiency, fidelity, learning mechanism