ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办:中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (11): 2036-2046.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2013.02036

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

行为决策中的选择性信息呈现:基于多重理论整合的视角

凌斌   

  1. (浙江大学心理与行为科学系; 浙江大学全球创业研究中心, 杭州 310028)
  • 收稿日期:2013-01-23 出版日期:2013-11-15 发布日期:2013-11-15
  • 通讯作者: 凌斌

Selective Exposure to Confirmatory Information in Behavioral Decision Making: A Theoretical Integration Approach

LING Bin   

  1. (Department of Psychology & Behavior Science, Zhejiang University; Global Entrepreneurship Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China)
  • Received:2013-01-23 Online:2013-11-15 Published:2013-11-15
  • Contact: LING Bin

摘要:

当个体做决策时会系统性地偏好那些与选择、态度和信念保持一致的信息而非不一致性信息, 这种决策行为叫做选择性信息呈现。该行为会严重降低决策质量, 阻碍对初始决策的审视。决策者对于一致性信息的系统偏好是基于多重心理过程或机制, 比如降低认知失调、增加决策准确性、提升印象管理和获得连贯性认知表征等。研究系统地梳理了选择性信息呈现的研究现状和范式, 重点阐述了四大理论视角, 剖析了该行为的理论整合模型, 并提出了选择性信息呈现的多重理论分析框架。未来研究需要澄清验证偏差的自动化与控制化加工过程, 以及需要强化理论整合模型中的情境因素和动机的交互性研究。

关键词: 选择性信息呈现, 验证性信息加工, 验证偏差, 决策偏好

Abstract:

When people make decisions, they systematically prefer information that is consistent with their choices, attitude, belief and value over those inconsistent information. This decision behavior is known as selective exposure to confirmatory information, and it has severely decreased decision quality and hindered the revision of incorrect initial judgment. The significant preference of confirmatory information has been explained by multiple theoretical approach for instance cognitive dissonance theory, accuracy motivation, impression motivation and cognitive coherence accounts. In this paper, we review some recent findings on selective exposure and research paradigm, elaborate the four theoretical perspective and their integrated models, and as well propose a multiple theoretical integration framework about selective exposure research. Future research should pay much more attention on controlled and automatic processes underlying confirmation bias, and should improve research about contextual effects and mixed motivation in the theoretical integration models.

Key words: selective exposure, confirmatory information search, confirmation bias, preference