ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办：中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (8): 1457-1465.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2013.01457

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

孤独症群体的孤岛能力

曹漱芹   

  1. (浙江师范大学杭州幼儿师范学院, 杭州 310012)
  • 收稿日期:2012-08-21 出版日期:2013-08-15 发布日期:2013-08-15
  • 通讯作者: 曹漱芹
  • 基金资助:

    教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(12YJC880004)、浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题(09CGJY013YBB)和浙江省自然科学基金一般项目(Y13C090017)资助。

Savant Skills in Autism

CAO Shuqin   

  1. (Hangzhou College of Preschool Teacher, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou 310012, China)
  • Received:2012-08-21 Online:2013-08-15 Published:2013-08-15
  • Contact: CAO Shuqin

PDF (PC)

3292

被引次数

6

摘要： 孤岛能力是个体在一般能力普遍落后的情况下某一个或几个领域表现出来的与其整体能力极不匹配的超常能力。令人惊讶的是, 人类近一半的孤岛能力产自于孤独症谱系障碍。本文系统回顾了孤独症孤岛能力的特征、传统的各种心理学解释和当前最有力的认知神经科学发现：脑病理性优势假说和孤独症特质假说。在此基础上, 本文认为脑优势中心的转移和混乱的大脑连接可能是孤岛能力产生的前提, 而特定技能的遗传和后天的反复练习则是孤岛能力得以强化和巩固的重要因素。

关键词: 孤岛能力, 孤独症, 脑病理性优势假说, 孤独症特质假说

Abstract: Savant skills are characterized by outstanding mental capability despite of coexisting severe mental disabilities. It is surprising that approximately 50 percent of individuals with savant skills described in literatures appeared to meet the criteria for autism/ASD. In this systematic review, we summarize the characteristics of savant skills in autism and the traditional explanation of them in the area of cognitive psychology. Then we introduce the recent results in neurocognitive researches, which especially emphasize the potential application of the Pathological “cerebral dominance” model and the Autistic model. According to these results, we conclude that savant skills in autism was mainly related to pathological “cerebral dominance” and abnormity on the brain connectivity. In addition, the heredity and the repeated training also play an important role.

Key words: savant skills, autism, pathological “cerebral dominance&rdquo, model, Autistic model