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ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B

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    25 March 1998, Volume 30 Issue 01 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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    MORE IMPLICITY IN SOCIAL COGNITION
    Yang Zhiliang Gao Hua Guo Liping (Department of Psychology,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062)
    1998, 30 (01):  1-6. 
    Abstract ( 1297 )  
    Employing L. L. Jacoby' s process dissociation procedure (Jacoby, 1991), anexperiment was designed to separate the contributions of explicit and implicit mermoryto processing social and non-social information of the pictures used. We investigatedwhether the contributions of implicit memory to processing social information weregreater than those to processing non-social information, or vice versa. The resultshowed: the contributions of implicit memory to processing social information weregreater than those to processing non-social information. The outcomes of theexperiment encouraged us to bring up a hypothesis on structural model of explicit andimplicit memory: work of concrete and steel.
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    THE EFFECT OF PERCEPTUAL LOAD ON INTERFERENCE AND NEGATIVE PRIMING
    Zhang Daren Zhang Pengyuan Chen Xiangchuan (Department of Biology & Cognitive Science Laboratory,Center for Brain Science, University of Science $ Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui,230026,P.R.China)
    1998, 30 (01):  7-13. 
    Abstract ( 980 )  
    Perceptual load was manipulated by different processing requiements for the same visual sdmuli. The interference effect was observed on zero load, and absent on high and low load: while the negadve priming was observed on zero and low load, but the posidve priming on high load. The results showed that different load levels have obvious effect on the processing of distractors, but the positive priming suggested that the high load can not completely exlcude the distracters from being processed.
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    PREDICTIVE INFERENCE IN READING:THE EFFECTS OF SEMANTIC RELATIONS AND THEIR STRENGTH
    Cui Yao Chen Yongming (Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100012)
    1998, 30 (01):  14-20. 
    Abstract ( 891 )  
    An open-questionnaire experimental method was used to assess the familiarity, standardness and distinctiveness of some activities which fonmed events. According to this assessment, ten life events and the activities that formed these events were selected as the base for two experiments. ln these experiments, 3 within-subjects factors were tested. They were standardness of the activities (high, low), distinctiveness of the activities (high, low) and position of the target (predictive, event / activity). A between-subjects fact was working memory capacity(high, low). The experimental task was naming. The results indicated that the working memory capacity reflected not only the naming speed but also resource consuming patterns during reading. Distinctiveness may be more important in from-activity- to -event predictive inference, and standardness seems more essential to fromevent-to-activity predictive inference.
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    A STUDY ON PRIMING EFFECT OF IMPRESSION FORMATION IN IMPLICIT SOCIAL COGNITION
    Zhong Yiping (Xiangtan Normal College,Xiangtan,411201) Yang Zhi liang (East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062)
    1998, 30 (01):  21-26. 
    Abstract ( 1322 )  
    This paper explored implicit social cognition of impression formation in the area of social cognition, concerning priming effect of impression formation. This series of experiments consisted of 2 experiments and 1 80 subjects in all j oined in. The author adopted some Chinese idioms with different meanings as material, and manipulated the structure of priming stumulus. The results showed: 1 . Positive or negative idioms displayed in advance bad respective priming effect on impression formation that is not affected by level of processing. 2. This research on priming effect of impression formation opens an ideal way to study implicit social cognition.
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    THE EFFECT OF TYPES OF PROJECTION OF OBJECTS ON SPATIAL PROBLEM SOLVING AND RECOGNITION
    You Xuqun (Faculty of Aviation Medicine, fourth. Military Medical University,Xian, 710032) Yang Zhiliang (Department of Psychology, East China Normal Uiversity,, Shanghai, 200062)
    1998, 30 (01):  27-34. 
    Abstract ( 865 )  
    Four experimental conditions including orhographic problem solving followed by isometric and orthographic recognition, isometric problem solving followed by recognition of isometric views and orthographic recognition, were used to study how performances on spatial problem solving and recognition were influenced by the types of projection of visual objects used in each task. Besides the fact that had further supported the claim that orthographic problem solving was accomplished by constructing a mental representation of three-dimensional object and ruled out the alterative explanation of adequacy of encoding of two-dimensional projection of objects, the results also indicated: ( 1) Mental representation of three-dimensional object was constructed in the course of problem solving based on two-dimensional information, rather than in recognition of isometric view of object; (2) The complexity of orthographic problem solving was significantly higher than that of isometric problem solving; furthermore, a constructed mental representation was advanatageous only for the sequent recognition of isometric views of three-dimensional objects, but not for orthographic recognition; (3) The constructed mental representation had the properties that made spatial information more easily organized and stored and less fragile than two-dimensional infromational representation. The findings would be of significance not only to further study on the characters of spatial representation in problem solving and recognition, but also in finding further evidence concerning implicit memory for object structure.
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    LONG-TERM MEMORY FOR TEMPORAL ORDER AND ITEM IN MULTITRIAL SERIAL LEARNING
    Yang Zhixin (Auhui Sanlian Accident Prevention Institute, 23008l)
    1998, 30 (01):  35-42. 
    Abstract ( 916 )  
    ln two experiments, memory for temporal order and item was tested by list identification and free recall. Subjects received five lists containing 50 Chinese two- character words from ten categories, each of which included five items. The structure of the lists separated all the items into two types: Same - category words within the list and across lists. The results are as follows: (l) When measure was delayed 2、6 and l0 seconds, temporal order memory for the same - category word within the list was better than across lists; only when the measure was delayed 2 seconds, item memory had an advantage for the same - category words within the list (2) The advantage of item memory for the same - category words within the list existed in recall cued by categories, not by the lists. (3) There are effects of the serial - list position on two types of memory.
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    ^STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMATION PROCESSING OF STUDENTS FROM DIFFERENT GRADES IN NATURAL READING MO
    Lei (south China Normal University Guangzhou 510631)
    1998, 30 (01):  43-49. 
    Abstract ( 1245 )  
    This research probed into the characteristics of the information processing of students from different grades in natural reading. Two experiments were administered. In expriment 1, the result showed that the junior students needed more time to re - read the original text than the senior students when they were asked to retell the text after they had read it.lt could be concluded that the language encoding was the main information processing activity of junior students in natural reading, and the senior students could carry on both the language encoding activity and the organizing activity in natural reading, the organizing activity was decisive. ln experiment 2, the results of retainment of the text information of the students from different grades in three kinds of reading were compared natural reading, comprehensive reading and memory reading. The result showed that in natural reading showed significant difference between the senior students and the junior students in the total amount of the retainment of the text. the senior students inclined to retain more information of the text content both. in natural reading and in comprehensive reading, and the junior students inclined to retain more information of the text expression both in natural reading and in the memory reading. According to this, it could be concluded that the result of experiment 1 was brought about not by the difference of the retainment capacity between senior students and junior students, but by the difference of main information processing activity of the natural reading between senior students and junior students.
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    A STUDY OF COGNITIVE PROFILES OF CHINESE LEARNERS' READING DISABILITY
    Zhang Chengfen Zhang Jinghuan Chang Shumin Zhou Jing (shandong Normal University ,Jinan, 250014)
    1998, 30 (01):  50-56. 
    Abstract ( 944 )  
    To examine the validity of the hypothesis that dyslexia have their special cognitive profiles, we obtained 1 1 8 subjects from 967 5th grade, 11- 1 3 year old children. These assessments were subdivided into two groups, one being reading retardation group including cut- off subgroup and low achievement definition subgroup, the other being named compared group. The two assessments were compared on 8 cognitive variables which had been considered to be related to reading proficiency in English or Chinese. Results showed that the demagnification of memory and processing for design, the demagnification of comprehension for vocabulary and information were the main cognitive profiles. The results also showed that the ability for general information could distinguish relatively cut-off subgroup and low achie- vement definitive subgroup. So the results showed that the ability of comprehension of general information would be possible in distinguishing relatively general reading retardation and special reading retardation.
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    STUDY ON THE CREATIVITY ATTITUDE DEVELOPMENT OFMIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS
    $$$$Wang Huiping Zhang Jijia
    1998, 30 (01):  57-63. 
    Abstract ( 756 )  
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    PERCEPTION OF EARLY ADOLESCENTS WITH LEARNINGDISABILITIES TO THE EVALUATION OF THEIR PARENTS
    LeiLi (Department of Education, Capital Normal Universityl,Beijing 100037)
    1998, 30 (01):  64-69. 
    Abstract ( 1050 )  
    Two hundred and seventy - two early adolescents aged 11to15 and their parents were studied, compare according to their having LD or not, through questionnaires. This study explored the perception of evaluation of parents'actual evaluation and their relation. The results showed that: (1) The self - perception of LDs is significandy more negative than that of NLDs (nondisabled students), they perceived there academic skills, general self and. non - academic facets more poorly. (2) There were no sex differences in the self - perception of LD (3) There were no significant development trends except that the self - perception of relation between parent- child showed quadratic trend. Meanwhile 13 - year old LDs perceived themselves more poorly. (4) The parents, actual evaluation were not supportive to their growth and development. (5) The self-perception and parents' actual evaluation correlated positively; and the self - perception of LDs displayed an inaccurate bias.
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    ROLE-PLAY FOR ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL SKILLSOF MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS:A THREE-FACTOREXPERIMENT RESEARCH
    Gu Xiangdong Zheng Richang (Psychology. Department, Beijing Normal University,Reijing,100875)
    1998, 30 (01):  70-77. 
    Abstract ( 1495 )  
    The present paper investigated the analogue measure of role-play for assessing students, assertive behavior to explore the impact of various various upon role-play performance and its external validity. This study applied a 2 × 2 × 2 multiple-factor experiment design and employed a combined method of in vivo observation, stimulus control and scale testing to examine how the role-play varied through, situational content and confederate responsivity influenced role-play behavior It is proved that the behavior of the role-play varied through situational content, and when the situational format was idiographic interational content. less-demanding instruction and unstructured internction, the validity was the highest Besides the three mentioned variables,the multivaiariate regression analysis showed that variables of sex, age and previous assertion level all affected role-play behavior.
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    INITIAL EXPLORATION ON THE DEPARTMENTSMAP OF CHINESE UNIVERSITIES ACCORDING TOVOCATIONAL INTEREST
    Ling Wenquan Bai Ligang (MBA Education Center Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632) Fang Liluo (Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,100012)
    1998, 30 (01):  78-84. 
    Abstract ( 959 )  
    In order to take Holland's vocational interest inventory for Chinese into practice, this research tried to construct the department map of Chinese universities according to vocational interest by using Predige's s world-of-work map. The results of the tests showed that this departments map is supported in terms of theory and is helpful for middle school students.
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    BASIC DIMENSIONS OF CHINESE PERSONALITY TRAITS:AFACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE SELF DESCRIPTION IN ASAMPLE OF CHINESE COLLEGE STUDENTS
    Zhang Zhiyong Wang Lei (Beijing University, Beijing, 100871) Qi Ming (Yichun Normal College, Yichun, 336000)
    1998, 30 (01):  85-92. 
    Abstract ( 1234 )  
    A self-rating checklist of 244 Chinese personality traits was composed by means of regular distance sampling from the Chinese personality KeyWords pool collected by Wang et al(1996). A sample of 601 Chinese college students participated in the self description rating. lt was shown that 7-factor solution could represent the basic dimension of Chinese personality traits. The seven dimensions used by students for self-rating were labeled as (1) Negative Valence 1(VAL-N1): Hypocritical & Boastful, (2) Positive Valence (VAL-P): Steady & Responsible, (3) Negative Valence 2 (VAL-N2): Moronic & Clumsy, (4) Negative Introverted Emotionality (EMO-N1 ): Sentimental, (5) Positive Extroverted Emotionality (EMO-PE): Warmhearted & Lovable, (6) Negative Extroverted Emotionality(EMO-NE): lrritable & Moody, (7) Positive lntroverted Emotionality (EMO-PI): Carefree & lndifferent. The first three factors are value assessment related and the other four factors are emotional elements.
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    AGE-RELATED SLOWING OF SPEED IN NONLEXICAL TASKSAND ITS COMPARISON WITH CHINESE CHARACTER TASKS
    $$$$ Li Deming Liu Chang Li Guiyun
    1998, 30 (01):  101-105. 
    Abstract ( 552 )  
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    REVIEW ON BRANTANO'S ACT PSYCHOLOGY
    $$$$Guo Benyu (Nanjing Normal Universituy,Nanjing. 210097)
    1998, 30 (01):  106-112. 
    Abstract ( 675 )  
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    RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTS OF COMPUTERASSISTED INSTRUCTION
    $$$$Liu Rude (Psychology Department: Beijing Normal University, Beijing: 10087 5)
    1998, 30 (01):  113-120. 
    Abstract ( 603 )  
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