Archive

25 March 1965, Volume 9 Issue 01 Previous Issue    Next Issue

---

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES ON THE RECOGNITION AND GENERALIZATION OF CHINESE CHARACTERS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN Ⅰ.DEVELOPMENT OF RECOGNITION UNDER TACHISTOSCOPIC CONDITION TSAO CHUAN-YUNG SHEN YEH 1965, 9 (01):  3-11.  Abstract ( 512 )   In this experiment was studied the development of recognition of letters, familiar and unfamiliar Chinese characters, and Korean characters. Three types of developmental curves were found: 1) negative accelerated curve for familiar Chinese characters; 2) positive accelerated curve for unfamiliar Chinese characters; 3) simple accelerated curve for Korean Characters. It was suggested that there were two greater developmental changes in the process of mastering Chinese characters by primary school children: the one was found immediately after the first month of learning Chinese characters and the other was between the 1st and 2nd grade. Under different teaching conditions, the occurence of the second change might be found in different stages of the 1st grade. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

STUDIES ON THE METHODS OF MEMORIZATION USED BY JUNIOR MIDDLE SCHOOL PUPILS Ⅲ.METHODS AND COURSES OF MEMORIZING CLASSICAL AND MORDERN PROSES TUAN HUEI-FEN AND TSAO JIH-CHANG 1965, 9 (01):  12-29.  Abstract ( 547 )   One classical and one modern prose were memorized separately each by 30 junior middle school girl pupils. The prose was presented first for 4 minutes and read aloud twice by the experimenter, and then presented sentence by sentence for 10 times with each sentence for 3 seconds in average. After each presentation the S wrote down what she remembered. The results showed that: (1) The methods used by Ss for memorizing the classical prose were the same as in the former study; (2) In memorizing the modern prose most of the Ss used the fifth and sixth method described in the second article of this series.The analysis of the successive dictations by the Ss confirmed that the Ss' courses of mastery of the material can be classified into two types: the one is cumulative and the other is schematic. Ss of the former type mastered the material part by part cumulatively. They could remember the exact order of the sentences of the prose. Ss of the latter type first made a frame-work and then laid on the details step by step. They grasped the key-note of the essay more readily. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN'S ABILITY OF SUMMARIZING THE CONTENTS OF PARAGRAPHS OF PROSE——A PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE ANALYZING AND SYNTHESIZING ACTIVITY IN THE SELECTION OF TITLES SHAO JUI-CHEN, SHIH JUNG-HWA AND CHUNG CHI-CH(?)AN 1965, 9 (01):  30-39.  Abstract ( 524 )   In order to study the analysizing and synthesizing activity of the school children in selecting a title for a paragraph of a prose, the time, component and organization of the performance in selection were measured. The results showed that: 1) significant differences in all three aspects existed among the three groups of subjects which had higher, middle and lower scores in reading and arithmetic; 2) there existed three kinds of organizations of the selection activity, which might show different levels of the generalization processes; and 3) the characteristics of the selection activity as measured with the method of the present study might be used as a criterion in determining the level of the generalization pocesses in school children. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

ОСОБЕННОСТИ МЫШЛЕНИЯ УЧЕНИКОВ ВТОРОГО ПОЛУГОДИЯ ПЕРВОГО КЛАССА НАЧАЛЫНОЙ ШКОЛЫ В ОШИБКАХ ПРН РЕШЕНИИ ЗАДАЧ ПО АРИФМЕТИКЕ Цжоу Юй-инь 1965, 9 (01):  40-51.  Abstract ( 512 )   1); 2); 3); 4) ; 5); 6)~~ Related Articles | Metrics

Select

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE THINKING PROCESS OF SOLVING VERBAL ARITHMETICAL PROBLEMS BY FIRST GRADE CHILDREN HSIAO CHIEN-YING 1965, 9 (01):  52-58.  Abstract ( 493 )   The experimental results indicated that the thinking process of solving verbal arithmetical problems by first grade children is of more concrete imagery thinking at the beginning, and that the verbal thinking takes place only at the later stage. During the course of learning in the first school year, the children use less and less concrete imagery for the understanding of verbal problems, and the abstract or verbal analysis develops gradually. If the teacher grasps the main contradictions involved in the development of children's thinking, and arranges the teaching and exercises accordingly, the children's ability of abstract thinking may develop more rapidly. In general the 7 years old children are capable of abstract thinking in certain fields. In the teaching of verbal problems in the first grade, the teacher should not only consider the characteristics of children's thinking, but also put emphasis on the conditions facilitating the development of children's abstract thinking. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

THE EFFECTS OF REPRODUCTION AND CORRECTION IN THE EXERCISE ON ACHIEVEMENTS CHIANG CHI-PIN 1965, 9 (01):  59-64.  Abstract ( 494 )   Two forms of exercises in learning Chinese characters and arithmetical measures were given to the 5th and 6th grade primary school children with matched materials of equal difficulty. One consisted of reproduction of learning material and the other consisted of correction of errors.The children's achievements were compared. The results showed that: 1) pupils' achievements were better with the reproduction than with the correction of errors; 2) the errors put in the exercise caused confusions. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

BRIGHT VS. DIM,INSTEAD OF DARK PHASE,OF SIMULTANEOUS FLASH SIGNALS AND THEIR DISCRIMINATION HO PAO-YUAN MA MOU-CHAO 1965, 9 (01):  65-77.  Abstract ( 558 )   In order to facilitate the discrimination of two nearby flash light signals and to eliminate the resulting apparent movement, the effects of different intensity levels of dim phase, instead of dark phase, intervening the repetitive flash signals, on discrimination were tested under laboratory conditions. Results revealed that (1) the disjunctive reaction time of the flash signals increased with the intensity level of the dim phase; (2) there existed an optimum intensity level of the dim phase which yielded least discrimination errors; and (3) the occurence rate of apparent movement, caused by the two flash signals, decreased with the increasing intensity level of the dim phase.Field experiments were also conducted to compare the effects of dim phase and those of dark phase. Results indicated that (1) at day time, flash signals with dim phase gave longer reaction time and more errors than that with dark phase; (2) in the night, flashes with dim phase showed less unfavourable effects on discrimination, with a tendency of shortening the reaction time and diminishing errors, though the differences were not significant; (3) the dim phase, as compared with the dark one, had definite effects on the elimination of apparent movement of two simultaneous flash signals. This suggested the possibility of utilizing a dim phase in simultaneous flash signals under certain circumstances. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE ABSTRACTION AND GENERALIZATION PROCESSES IN SCHIZOPHRENICS KUNG YAO-HSIEN 1965, 9 (01):  78-86.  Abstract ( 632 )   A sorting test was applied to 100 normals and 128 schizophrenics. The test consisted of (1) 25 pictorial cards; (2) 16 Chinese characters printed on separate cards; (3) 23 wooden blocks of different colours, forms and sizes; and (4) 10 cards, each bearing four meaningful contents, three of which are closely related, while the fourth one is different.Each subject was presented with the first three sets of test materials in succession and asked to classify them and also to give reasons for his classification. The rating of the experimental results was made in accordance with the quality of the classifications. He was then asked to point out the exceptional content from each card of the fourth set of material, and the rating was made according to the quality of answers given by him. The results were as follows:(1) For both normals and schizophrenics, the quality of classification was, in general, related to the educational level of the subjects tested, better results being obtained from those who had more advanced educational background.(2) Comparison between the two groups revealed the following differences: (a) the percentage of correct classifications was definitely higher in normals than in schizophrenics; (b) the test time was shorter for the normals than for the schizophrenics; (c) many sortings made by the schizophrenics were not only poor in quality, but also showed much deviation from the normal way of classification. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

ЗКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ УСТАНОВКИ НА КОЛИЧНЕСТВО Ⅰ.ОПЫТ С ТРЕМЯ УСТАНОВОЧНЫМИ И КРИТИЧЕСКИМИ ОБЪЕКТАМИ Ван Су 1965, 9 (01):  87-100.  Abstract ( 484 )   1.2.3.~~ Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A SIMPLE DEVICE FOR MEASURING REACTION TIME KAN HUI-FANG 1965, 9 (01):  101-102.  Abstract ( 583 )   This paper describes a simple device, based on the principle of electrolytic chronogram, for measuring the reaction time, The apparatus registers the reaction time up to 0.01 sec. Related Articles | Metrics