Abstract: The present paper dwells on the theory of child mental development from the Marxian point of view. Six problems are discussed: 1) two contradictory points of view in the problem of child mental development; 2) heredity as the biological premise of child mental developnment; 3) the determining significance of environment and education in child mental development; 4) intrinsic cause (intrinsic contradiction) as the motive power of child mental development; 5) interrelations between education and child mental development; 6) age stage of child mental development.

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